Bioethics and safety

Course Outline: (34 hours)

Contents:

1. Introduction, extranuclear genetics and its types

2. Mitochondria, chloroplasts and bacteria (similarities and differences in structure and performance)

3. Evolutionary origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts

4. Characteristics of chloroplast genomes

5. Characteristics of mitochondrial genome in eukaryotes

5.1. Properties of mitochondrial genetics

5.2. D-Loop control area

5.3. Replication of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

5.4. Mitochondrial genetic code

5.5. Duplication of mtDNA

5.6. System of mitochondrial protein synthesis

5.7. Mutations of mtDNA and associated human diseases

5.8. Somatic mutations of mtDNA and their relations with aging

6. Exchanges and connections between nuclear and extranuclear genomes

7. Extranuclear genome and cancer

8. Applications of extranuclear genetics

9. New advances in extranuclear genetics